His courtesy name was Zi Mei, and he called himself “Shao Ling countryside aged”, “Du Shao Ling”, “Du Gong Bu”, etc. Around 4th century, with the popularization of paper, the status of bamboo slips was eventually replaced.ĭu Fu was a prominent Chinese poet of the Tang Dynasty.

Bamboo slip was invented in Western Zhou, and was widely accepted during Spring and Autumn Period and Warring Period. Wooden tablet was often used for short essays. These rolls were the earliest form of Chinese books. Upon the finish, the slips were bound by strings and rolled up for storage. The writing tools of bamboo slip were Chinese brush and ink, and only one line of text can be handwritten on each slip. Slit used to be the general name, but now it’s often called bamboo slip. It’s called slip if it’s made from bamboo, and called tablet if it’s made from wood. Tablets or slips made from bamboo (or wood) for writing in ancient China. Where not otherwise indicated, the Chinese papers used for prints and paintings in the exhibition are on a variety of xuan paper. They are fine, soft, resistant to insect damage, and their pure white color lasts long to retard absorption of the ink, they may be treated with alum. After maceration, the fibers are treated with lime, exposed to sunlight, bleached, and washed with starch. The bark of Pteroceltis tatarinowii and straw are the main raw materials for producing Xuan paper. It was first produced in Xuanzhou (now the Jing County of East China's, Anhui Province), hence the name of Xuan paper. All rights reserved.Name of a kind of rice paper made in China. National Health and Family Planning Commission of China.Ĭopyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. National efforts are needed to improve the care and outcomes for patients with STEMI in China. Quality of care has improved for some treatments, but important gaps persist and in-hospital mortality has not decreased. Adjusted in-hospital mortality did not significantly change between 20 (odds ratio 0♸2, 95% CI 0♶2-1♱0, ptrend=0♰7).ĭuring the past decade in China, hospital admissions for STEMI have risen in these patients, comorbidities and the intensity of testing and treatment have increased. The median length of hospital stay decreased from 12 days (IQR 7-18) in 2001 to 10 days (6-14) in 2011 (ptrend<0♰001). Despite an increase in the use of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (10♶% in 2001 vs 28♱% in 2011, ptrend<0♰001), the proportion of patients who did not receive reperfusion did not significantly change (45♳% in 2001 vs 44♸% in 2011, ptrend=0♶9). We noted significant increases in use of aspirin within 24 h (79♷% in 2001 vs 91♲% in 2011, ptrend<0♰001) and clopidogrel (1♵% in 2001 vs 82♱% in 2011, ptrend<0♰001) in patients without documented contraindications. Between 20, estimated national rates of hospital admission for STEMI per 100,000 people increased (from 3♵ in 2001, to 7♹ in 2006, to 15♴ in 2011 ptrend<0♰001) and the prevalence of risk factors-including smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia-increased. 12,264 patients were included in analysis of treatments, procedures, and tests, and 11,986 were included in analysis of in-hospital outcomes. We sampled 175 hospitals (162 participated in the study) and 18,631 acute myocardial infarction admissions, of which 13,815 were STEMI admissions. This study is registered with, number NCT01624883. We weighted our findings to estimate nationally representative rates and assess changes from 2001 to 2011. In the second stage we obtained case data for rates of STEMI, treatments, and baseline characteristics from patients attending each sampled hospital with a systematic sampling approach. In the first stage, we used a simple random-sampling procedure stratified by economic-geographical region to generate a list of participating hospitals. In a retrospective analysis of hospital records, we used a two-stage random sampling design to create a nationally representative sample of patients in China admitted to hospital for STEMI in 3 years (2001, 2006, and 2011). We aimed to assess trends in characteristics, treatment, and outcomes for patients with STEMI in China between 20. Despite the importance of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in China, no nationally representative studies have characterised the clinical profiles, management, and outcomes of this cardiac event during the past decade.

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